LIFE COURSE CHANGE AND BIOLOGICAL FAMILY INTEGRATION OF TRAFFICKED CHILDREN: EVIDENCE FROM THE SUCCESSFUL CASES OF SEEKING RELATIVES
XUE Shu-yan1,2, LI Gang1,2, WANG Hui-juan1,2, FU Ying1,2, LIU Ling1,2
1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China;
2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
Abstract:It is worth paying attention to the life course change and biological family integration of the trafficked children after their success in seeking relatives. Based on the selection of trafficked children cases of success in finding back their relatives from public welfare platforms, we have interviewed trafficked children and their social network members from hometown through field investigation. The life course theory is used to reveal the trafficked children's life course change and biological family integration after successfully recontacted their biological parents. The results indicate that:The life trajectories of trafficked children mainly go through four stages:being trafficked, being adopted, seeking relatives, and recontacting biological family. The trafficking in children is the result of the comprehensive reactions of society, families and individuals during a certain historical period. There is a strong correlation between adopting children behaviors and the willingness of the adoptive family. The adoptive families can be divided into two types:good adoptive family and bad adoptive family. Seeking relatives is an important reflection of the individual initiative and selfchoice of the trafficked children. The success possibility of seeking family is influenced by the individual initiative of trafficked children and the time and space of their lives. Seeking relatives is generally carried out at the same time as finding a job, and is influenced by blood relationship and the type of adoptive family.
薛淑艳, 李钢, 王会娟, 付莹, 刘玲. 被拐儿童生命历程变迁与原生家庭融入研究——基于寻亲成功案例的实证[J]. 人文地理, 2021, 36(3): 58-66.
XUE Shu-yan, LI Gang, WANG Hui-juan, FU Ying, LIU Ling. LIFE COURSE CHANGE AND BIOLOGICAL FAMILY INTEGRATION OF TRAFFICKED CHILDREN: EVIDENCE FROM THE SUCCESSFUL CASES OF SEEKING RELATIVES. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 36(3): 58-66.
Bagheri A. Child organ trafficking:Global reality and inadequate international response[J]. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 2016,19(2):239-246.
[2]
Bouche V, Farrell A, Wittmer D. Identifying Effective Counter-trafficking Programs and Practices in the US:Legislative, Legal, and Public Opinion Strategies that Work[R]. US Department of Justice:NCJRS, 2016.
[3]
曾罡吉.拐卖儿童犯罪的新发展与相关立法的完善[J].法制博览, 2016(3):29-31.[Zeng Gangji. The new development of child trafficking crime and the improvement of relevant legislation[J]. Legality Vision, 2016(3):29-31.]
[4]
祝卫莉.当前广东拐卖妇女儿童犯罪的特点原因及对策[J].政法学刊,2001,18(1):67-69.[Zhu Weili. The characteristics and causes of and countermeasures for the abducting and selling women and children in Guangdong[J]. Journal of Political Science and Law, 2001, 18(1):67-69.]
[5]
赵俊甫,孟庆甜.关于修改《刑法》 收买被拐卖妇女儿童犯罪相关条款的思考[J].公安研究,2014(2):43-46,84.[Zhao Junfu, Meng Qingtian. Thoughts on amending the relevant provisions of criminal law on the crime of trafficked women and children[J]. Policing Studies, 2014(2):43-46,84.]
[6]
Wilson J M, Dalton E. Human trafficking in the heartland:Variation in law enforcement awareness and response[J]. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 2008,24(3):296-313.
[7]
Kaufka Walts K. Child labor trafficking in the United States:A hidden crime[J]. Social Inclusion, 2017,5(2):59-68.
[8]
Gibbs D A, Henninger A M, Tueller S J, et al. Human trafficking and the child welfare population in Florida[J]. Children and Youth Services Review, 2018,88:1-10.
[9]
孙桂峰.对拐卖妇女儿童犯罪的思考[J].湖北公安高等专科学校学报,2000(6):49-51.[Sun Guifeng. Thoughts on the crime of abducting and selling women and children[J]. Journal of Hubei University of Police, 2000(6):49-51.]
[10]
邢红枚,陈冉,许芳.拐卖儿童犯罪的发展特点——对447份判决书的分析[J].预防青少年犯罪研究,2017(1):38-43.[Xing Hongmei, Chen Ran, Xu Fang. The development characteristics of child trafficking crimes:Analysis of 447 judgments[J]. Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Research, 2017(1):38-43.]
[11]
李钢,谭然,王会娟,等.中国拐卖儿童犯罪的地理特征研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(7):1049-1058.[Li Gang, Tan Ran, Wang Huijuan, et al. Geographic characteristics of child trafficking crime in China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2017,37(7):1049-1058.]
[12]
武丹,刘涛,段晓旗.儿童拐卖的空间分布分析及其驱动因素研究[J].遥感信息,2017,32(1):134-142.[Wu Dan, Liu Tao, Duan Xiaoqi. Spatial distribution and driving factor research on child trafficking[J]. Remote Sensing Information, 2017,32(1):134-142.]
[13]
Wang Z, Wei L, Peng S, et al. Child-trafficking networks of illegal adoption in China[J]. Nature Sustainability, 2018,1(5):254-260.
[14]
Huang Z, Weng W. Analysis on geographical migration networks of child trafficking crime for illegal adoption from 2008 to 2017 in China[J/OL]. Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2019, 528:121404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.121404.2019,528:121404.
[15]
Bales K. What predicts human trafficking?[J]. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 2007,31(2):269-279.
[16]
Dallett M. Children at risk:Family planning and human trafficking in northwest cameroon[J]. SAIS Review of International Affairs, 2011,31(2):45-47.
[17]
Adesina O S. Modem day slavery:Poverty and child trafficking in nigeria[J]. African Identities, 2014,12(2):165-179.
[18]
Chu Y Y. Human trafficking and smuggling in China[J]. Journal of Contemporary China, 2011,20(68):39-52.
[19]
李钢,王莺莺,杨兰,等.拐入侧视域下我国拐卖儿童犯罪的时空格局[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2019,47(3):95-102.[Li Gang, Wang Yingying, Yang Lan, et al. Spatio-temporal pattern of child trafficking crime in China:A demand-front perspective[J]. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2019,47(3):95-102.]
[20]
王金玲.华东五省云南/广西籍未成年被拐卖/骗妇女/儿童流入地个案研究[J].浙江学刊,2005(4):200-215.[Wang Jinling. Case studies of trafficking-in areas of trafficked women and children in five provinces of east China,Yunnan and Guangxi[J]. Zhejiang Academic Journal, 2005(4):200-215.]
[21]
李钢,薛淑艳,马雪瑶.等.中国儿童非正常迁移的时空分异及综合机制——拐卖与抱养对比视角[J].人口研究,2020,44(3):102-117.[Li Gang, Xue Shuyan, Ma Xueyao, et al. Spatio-temporal differentiation and comprehensive mechanism of irregular migration of children in China:Comparison between child trafficking and informal adoption[J]. Population Research, 2020,44(3):102-117.]
[22]
刘怡春.电影《亲爱的》 与拐卖儿童犯罪研究[D].北京:中国政法大学,2017:36-38.[Liu Yichun. Research on the Film and the Crime of Abducting and Trafficking in Children[D]. Beijing:China University of Political Science and Law, 2017:36-38.]
[23]
邹建锋,裘慧萍.和谐社会视野下丢失儿童管治与制度重构[J].少年儿童研究,2009(18):30-34.[Zou Jianfeng, Qiu Huiping. Children's governance and institutional reconstruction are lost from the perspective of harmonious society[J]. Children' Study, 2009(18):30-34.]
[24]
李钢,王会娟,谭然,等.中国拐卖儿童犯罪的时空特征与形成机制——基于"成功案例"的管窥[J].地理研究,2017,36(12):2505-2520.[Li Gang, Wang Huijuan, Tan Ran, et al. Spatiotemporal characteristics and formation mechanism of child trafficking in China based on "successful cases"[J]. Geographical Research, 2017,36(12):2505-2520.]
[25]
Wood L C N. Child modern slavery, trafficking and health:A practical review of factors contributing to children's vulnerability and the potential impacts of severe exploitation on health[J/OL]. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 2020,4:e00327. https://bmjp-aedsopen.bmj.com/content/bmjpo/4/1/e000327.full.DOI:10.1136/bmjpo-2018-000327.
[26]
Barnert E, Iqbal Z, Bruce J, et al. Commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of children and adolescents:A narrative review[J]. Academic Pediatrics, 2017,17(8):825-829.
[27]
李强.社会变迁与个人发展——生命历程研究的范式与方法[J]. 社会学研究,1999(6):1-18.[Li Qiang. Social change and personal development:Paradigm and method of life course research[J]. Sociological Studies, 1999(6):1-18.]
[28]
胡薇.累积的异质性生命历程角度下的老年人分化[J].社会,2009(2):112-130,225-226.[Hu Wei. Cumulative heterogeneity:Differentiation of older adults from the life-course perspective[J]. Society, 2009(2):112-130,225-226.]
[29]
张庆武.青年流动人口社会融入问题研究——以北京市为例[J]. 青年研究,2014(5):50-60,95.[Zhang Qingwu. Research on the social integration of the young floating population:A case study of Beijing[J]. Youth Studies, 2014(5):50-60,95.]
[30]
徐静,徐永德.生命历程理论视域下的老年贫困[J].社会学研究, 2009,24(6):122-144,245.[Xu Jing, Xu Yongde. Poverty in old age from the perspective of life course theory[J]. Sociological Studies, 2009,24(6):122-144,245.]
[31]
Elder G H, Johnson M K, Crosnoe R. The emergence and development of life course theory[M]//Mortimer J T, Michael J. Handbook of the Life Course. New York:Springer, 2003:3-19.
[32]
包蕾萍.生命历程理论的时间观探析[J].社会学研究,2005(4):120-133,244-245.[Bao Leiping. An analysis of the time view of life course theory[J]. Sociological Studies, 2005(4):120-133,244-245.]
[33]
李钢,谭然,王会娟,等.中国拐卖儿童犯罪时空格局演变及其影响因素[J].人文地理,2018,33(2):26-34.[Li Gang, Tan Ran, Wang Huijuan, et al. Spatio-temporal change and influencing factors of trafficking in children in China[J]. Human Geography, 2018,33(2):26-34.]
[34]
薛淑艳,李钢,马雪瑶,等.贵州省拐卖儿童犯罪的多维时空格局及影响因素研究[J].地理研究,2020,39(7):1691-1706.[Xue Shuyan, Li Gang, Ma Xueyao, et al. The multidimensional spatio-temporal pattern and influencing factors of child trafficking in Guizhou province, China[J]. Geographical Research, 2020,39(7):1691-1706.]
[35]
何扬琼.越轨青少年的生命历程研究——以X村8位进城务工越轨青少年为例[D].上海:华东理工大学,2015:29-33.[He Yangqiong. The Research on Deviant Younger' Lofe Course:Take Eight Young Migrant Deviant Workers from X Village as Example[D]. Shanghai:East China University of Science and Technology, 2015:29-33.]
[36]
杨菊华.从隔离、选择融入到融合:流动人口社会融入问题的理论思考[J].人口研究,2009,33(1):17-29.[Yang Juhua. From isolation, choice to integration:Theoretical thinking on social integration of floating population[J]. Population Research, 2009,33(1):17-29.]
[37]
刘玲,李钢,薛淑艳,等.四川省拐卖儿童犯罪的时空演变过程及影响因素分析[J].地理科学进展,2020,39(5):853-865.[Liu Ling, Li Gang, Xue Shuyan, et al. Spatiotemporal change and influencing factors of child trafficking crime in Sichuan province[J]. Progress in Geography, 2020,39(5):853-865.]
[38]
陈思慧,冷金岩,高瑞情,等.生命历程视角下的散居孤儿社会融入研究[J].管理观察,2018,38(10):67-70.[Chen Sihui, Leng Jinyan, Gao Ruiqing, et al. Study on social Integration of diaspora orphans from the perspective of life course[J]. Management Observer, 2018, 38(10):67-70.]